Neighborhood Destabilization Act: H.R. 1106
Posted February 26th, 2009 at 11.41am in Ongoing Priorities.
“Helping Families Save Their Homes Act”?
- Or Neighborhood Destabilization Act: Allows bankruptcy judges to reduce the principal owed on a mortgage, a practice often referred to as a “cramdown.” Judges would be able to reduce interest rates or lengthen the term of the mortgage.
- H.R. 1106: It actually achieves opposite results by putting millions of homeowners or potential buyers at greater risk of an unstable credit and housing market and creating high interest rates in the future.
- Temporary? No. Weak? Yes: The simple rule on Capitol Hill when a bill is controversial is claim it is temporary and expand it later. That is the case here. Additionally, the bill lacks many of the targeted limitations designed to make sure that bankruptcy is a last resort and even weakens language passed earlier by the House Judiciary Committee that was designed to keep those who filed fraudulent mortgage applications from taking advantage of cramdowns.
Destabilizing Results
- Higher Mortgage Rates: Cramdowns add additional risk that mortgages will not be repaid as the contract requires. Lenders must charge for that added risk, and experts estimate that the additional costs would raise mortgage rates by as much as two full percentage points or substantially increase required down payments.
- When in Doubt, Go Bankrupt: As homeowners struggle with homes that have lost value in this economic downturn, the easiest option available will be to declare bankruptcy, whereby they can renegotiate not only their payments but the actual value of their homes.
- Destabilizes Credit Market: Banks and investors are already facing heavy losses because mortgage-backed securities have lost much of their value due to uncertainties about whether the mortgages will be paid. This measure increases that uncertainty, risking both foreclosure and cramdowns that reduce the earnings of these securities. Investors have no idea what this new provision will do to the value of their securities, dropping prices further.
No Hope for Homeowners
- Good Money After Bad, Again: In addition to the cramdown measures, H.R. 1106 expands the Hope for Homeowners program. Last summer, Congress created Hope for Homeowners, an FHA-based program that it originally claimed would help up to 2 million homeowners. According to the FHA, it has actually helped about 500. The legislation makes a number of changes that will raise the cost of it by $2.3 billion but is unlikely to otherwise improve it.
- Responsible Taxpayers Lose, Again: The expansion in this bill would further erode taxpayer protections by allowing even more extremely troubled loans to be accepted to the Hope for Homeowners program. H.R. 1106 would expand this program to include even more unstable mortgages, all to allow people who are in homes they can’t afford to stay in them.
Unfair at Any Cost
- Robbing the Responsible Homeowner: Congress cannot enact a policy that imposes major, unexpected losses on home lenders without raising the cost of and reducing access to home loans, period. This policy penalizes responsible homebuyers and future homebuyers in order to provide immediate bailouts to the irresponsible and keep them in homes they cannot and will not afford. Taxpayers who saved for a responsible down payment, bought a house they could afford, and made their payments will pay for the mistakes of others.

February 26, 2009 Brentwood, CA writes:
Modification of Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Laws to empower judges to reduce the principal and interest rates of 1st mortgages should be supported for the following reasons:
1. The primary reason so many existing home owners are underwater in their homes is not due to poor planning on their part, but due to overinflated demand created when mortgage lenders submitted fraudulent loan documents misrepresenting some borrower’s earnings, resulting in many long term home owners “upside down” in there homes (see http://money.cnn.com/2009/02/25/real_estate/boomer_wealth_evaporating/index.htm?postversion=2009022514). Mortgage lenders knowingly and intentionally inflated borrower’s earnings on loan applications to ensure approval, and receive the fees for the approved loans. Unfortunately, our government at both the Federal and State level turned a blind eye to this activity. With mortgage lenders actively engaging in fraud and government refusing to enforce the law, the result was an extremely high, artificial demand for housing that caused home prices to sky rocket. As with all fraud, these schemes ultimately failed and a financial crash ensued. In this case, causing the worst crash in home prices on record. Thousands of home owners that did not participate in these illegal activities saw their home equity evaporate and worse found themselves “upside down”, owing more than their house was worth, through no fault of their own.
2. Given that the loss in home values is a direct result of fraudulent activity on the part of many mortgage lenders, the lenders, not only the homeowners, should be liable for the losses as well. Empowering judges to reduce the principal and interest rate on first mortgages forces lenders to shoulder their fair share of the financial hardship that they created when engaging in lending fraud.
3. Empowering judges to reduce the principal and interest rates on first mortgages make lenders more willing to negotiate new mortgage terms with borrowers. Even with new legislation to incentivize lenders to negotiate new terms with borrowers, lenders are extremely reluctant to reduce principal. Instead they offer a 40 year mortgage or slightly lower rates, leaving the borrower with a home worth substantially less than the mortgage. The borrower should have better options as the lenders created the problem. The alternative of a Chapter 13 bankruptcy with 1st mortgage principal and interest rate reduction will strongly encourage lenders to deal fairly and equitably with borrowers.
4. The economy will not recover until people start spending money again. People cannot spend money when burdened with excessive amounts of debt brought on by a collapse in the housing market. Until consumers are offered means to reduce their debt, they will not spend, and the economy will not recover. Even with the new stimulus package, many consumers will not be able to reduce their amount debt significantly, creating a continued drag on the economy. Empowering judges to reduce the principal and interest rate on first mortgages will provide many consumers with a very significant, tangible way to reduce their debt, thereby, increasing their purchasing power, resulting in substantive economic stimulus. Furthermore, this stimulus does not cost government or the tax payer anything as the losses are taken by the lenders, who were responsible for the creating the situation.
Furthermore, the argument that this will cause dramatic increases in mortgage rates for everyone is false! The study by Adam J. Levitin, Associate Professor of Law, GeorgetownUniversity Law Center and Joshua S. Goodman, Ph.D. candidate, Department of Economics, Columbia University show that passing H.R. 3609, The Emergency Home Ownership and Mortgage Equity Protection Act of 2007 and S.2136, The Helping Families Save Their Homes in Bankruptcy Act of 2007 would result in virtually no increase in mortgage interest rates (http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS154303+06-Feb-2008+PRN20080206). Do not be fooled by the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), they are trying to protect their profits and shield themselves from any responsibility for the illegal activities.
Chapter 13 bankruptcy is no “free ride” as it is on the filer’s credit history for 10 years, resulting in significantly higher interest rates for future loans. Therefore, people only in dire situations would consider this alternative. The alternative should be given to them because their financial hardship resulting from loss of home equity is often not their fault. Many responsible home owner’s find themselves in a terrible situation, losing tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars due to falling home prices through no fault of their own. Government failed to enforce laws prohibiting the lending fraud taking place during the boom, resulting in horrific losses for owner’s after the speculative bubble collapsed. These owners should be given the opportunity to correct their financial situation! Please pass legislation empowering bankruptcy judges to reduce the principal and interest rates on first mortgages in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceeding.
Sincerely,
Michael